Applications

Traditional cement production is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions → responsible for 6% of total CO2 emissions

Process requires heating to break down raw materials and bind them together again.

Heavy metals persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in organisms, and are toxic at low concentrations. 

Traditionally they have been removed using chemical or physical methods.

Heavy metals persist in the environment, bioaccumulate in organisms, and are toxic at low concentrations. Traditionally they have been removed using chemical or physical methods.

Modification of plants and fungi is challenging due to the complexity in genomes, and methods for genetic manipulation can be technically challenging and species-specific, low transformation efficiency, and limited genetic knowledge.

Steroids encompass a broad class of drugs used for a wide range of medical purposes.

Their synthesis and production involves a complex and multi step chemical and biotransformation process.

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential about 273 times greater than CO2 over a 100-year period. N2O emissions have a significant impact on climate change and a role in ozone layer depletion

The primary sources of N2O emissions are agricultural practices, especially the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. Synthetic nitrogen fertilizer is typically overapplied in farming practices to account for plant uptake and loss of nitrogen to the environment.